Bolsonaro has been taken into custody after authorities determined he posed a serious risk of fleeing while under house arrest.
The ex-president was found guilty of planning a armed takeover in September and handed more than 27 years in jail, but he remained under home detention pending appeals.
Brazilian Supreme Court Justice the presiding justice said the decision to arrest the septuagenarian politician was a safety action after fresh information were revealed.
This encompassed seeking to disable his tracking device and a call for a demonstration that could "allow for a chance to flee".
In a filing authorising the detention, the magistrate said data from the centre monitoring his home detention suggested the ex-president's aim to disable the surveillance device to ensure success in his flight.
This, it said, would be assisted by the disorder caused by the gathering called by his son.
His child, his son Flávio, who serves as a legislator, called for a meeting of his backers near his father's house to take place on the weekend.
His son wrote on digital networks on Friday: "Are you going to fight for your nation, or see it all from your phone there on your couch? I call on you to fight with us."
He said the gathering would be so supporters could "pray for his health and for the return of democracy in our country."
Part of the magistrate's decision was the chance of the former president's move to foreign missions near the home, considering that the inquiries revealed a history of planning to request asylum through a consular facility", a declaration said.
The legal document emphasizes that the American diplomatic mission in the federal district, the capital city, is positioned around approximately 13 kilometers from the former president's residence.
Bolsonaro's legal woes have drawn the ire of fellow populist conservative United States President Trump, leading him to enact a fifty percent tax on imports of Brazilian goods.
He is being kept in a national police facility in the capital and will experience a custody hearing on the following day.
It was only on the previous day that the ex-leader's attorneys asked the Top Court to allow him to complete his entire prison term under home confinement, with digital surveillance.
They also petitioned that the former president be allowed to exit his dwelling for medical care, saying he demanded frequent medical attention for lung conditions and other health problems.
Bolsonaro was determined responsible of orchestrating a scheme aimed at retaining his authority after he lost the presidential race to his ideological adversary, Lula.
Supreme Court justices said that he had knowledge of a scheme which involved plans to assassinate the current president and his vice-presidential running mate, his vice-presidential candidate, and to arrest and execute the presiding judge - the High Court judge who has been overseeing the former president's case.
The plot was prevented because it didn't receive the backing of the army and air force commanders. Lula was sworn in without problem on the first day of 2023.
But a following week, on the eighth of January, numerous his backers invaded and destroyed official structures in the capital, Brazil's capital.
The police stepped in and around 1,500 people were taken into custody.
The justices found that the demonstrators had been encouraged by the former president whose scheme, they said, was for the country's army to step in, reestablish control and return him to office.
At the time, his attorneys called the 27 years and three months sentence "absurdly excessive.
He was also barred from campaigning for office until the year 2060 - eight years after the completion of his term.
The former president called the trial a political persecution and said it was intended to stop him competing in the 2026 national vote.
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